<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean Vanderpas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno-Reyes, Rodrigo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Historical aspects of iodine deficiency control.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minerva Med</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minerva Med</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Congenital Hypothyroidism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Eradication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Europe</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goiter, Endemic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">History, 18th Century</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">History, 19th Century</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">History, 20th Century</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">History, 21st Century</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant Mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iodine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Guinea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prevalence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sodium Chloride, Dietary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trace Elements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017 Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">135</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">124-135</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In 1895, iodine was characterized as an essential element of thyroid tissue by Baumann. The efficacy of iodine to prevent goiter was demonstrated by Marine in Northern USA in 1916-1920. Severe endemic goiter and cretinism had been almost entirely eliminated from continental Western Europe and Northern America before the 1930's; however large populations elsewhere and even some places in Western Europe (Sicily) were still affected up to the 2000's. Public health consequences of iodine deficiency are not limited to endemic goiter and cretinism. Iodine deficiency disorders include also increased neonatal death rate and decreased intellectual development, although these consequences are not included in the current estimation of the Global Burden Disease related to iodine deficiency. Severe iodine deficiency as a public health problem is now largely under control worldwide, but can still affect isolated places, in hard-to-reach and/or politically neglected populations. We emphasize the importance of maintaining international cooperation efforts, in order to monitor iodine status where iodine deficiency is now adequately controlled, and identify at-risk population where it is not. The goal should be now global eradication of severe iodine deficiency. Commercial distribution of iodized salt remains the most appropriate strategy. A randomized clinical trial in New Guinea clearly showed in the 1970's that correcting severe iodine deficiency early in pregnancy prevents endemic neurological cretinism. This supports the essential role of thyroid hormones of maternal origin on the normal fetal development, during the first trimester of pregnancy (i.e. when fetal thyroid is still not functional). A randomized clinical trial in Congo (RD) in the 1970's also showed that correcting severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy prevents myxœdematous cretinism, particularly prevalent in affected Congolese areas.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28079353?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">124</style></section></record></records></xml>