<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dewulf, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boudewijn Catry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Timmerman, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opsomer, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Kruif, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maes, D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tetracycline-resistance in lactose-positive enteric coliforms originating from Belgian fattening pigs: degree of resistance, multiple resistance and risk factors.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prev Vet Med</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prev. Vet. Med.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Husbandry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Bacterial Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belgium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colony Count, Microbial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enterobacteriaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enterobacteriaceae Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lactose</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microbial Sensitivity Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surveys and Questionnaires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swine Diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tetracycline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tetracycline Resistance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007 Mar 17</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">339-51</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Between March and October 2003 a field study was conducted in 50 randomly selected pig herds to assess the degree of tetracycline-resistance in lactose-positive enteric coliforms (LPEC) originating from fattening pigs and to evaluate the combined effects of various husbandry conditions on the development and persistence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Data on housing, management and antimicrobial-drug consumption were collected, as well as faecal samples at three production stages: end of the nursery period (mean age: 72 days), end of the grower period (mean age: 125 days) and end of the finisher period (mean age: 186 days). The degree of tetracycline-resistant LPEC was determined by means of an agar dilution method. Tetracycline-resistant LPEC were found in every herd. The overall degree of tetracycline-resistance in LPEC was 56.8% (S.D. 22.4%). Only a very weak relation was found between the degrees of TETR in the different production stages within the same herd, indicating that the degree of TETR is mainly associated with the production stage rather than with the farm as a whole. The risk factor analysis showed that besides the antimicrobial-drug use, other factors like inside pen hygiene can influence the development and maintenance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of pigs. It was also observed that tetracycline-resistance in commensal Escherichia coli is often linked with resistance to other antimicrobial drugs like ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulphonamides. These results illustrate that the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance is influenced by antimicrobial-drug use, cross-resistance development and non-antimicrobial risk factors.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-4</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17156871?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>