<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trésor Carsi Kuhangana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taty Muta Musambo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joseph Pyana Kitenge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tony Kayembe-Kitenge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arlène Kazadi Ngoy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paul Musa Obadia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banza Lubaba Nkulu, Célestin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angelique Kamugisha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eric Deconinck</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nemery, Benoit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joris Van Loco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy Drink Consumption among Adolescents Attending Schools in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Int J Environ Res Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADOLESCENT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-sectional studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Democratic Republic of the Congo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy Drinks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surveys and Questionnaires</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021 07 17</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;The consumption of energy drinks (EDs) is increasing in the general population, but little is known about the consumption of EDs among pupils in Africa. This study was designed to assess the consumption of EDs among pupils between 10 and 17 years of age and to assess average caffeine concentrations contained in EDs sold in Lubumbashi.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;We conducted a cross-sectional survey in five schools using a standardised questionnaire taken face-to-face. Samples of locally purchased EDs were analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultra-Violet spectrometry (HPLC-UV).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Of 338 pupils (54% girls), 63% reported having consumed at least one ED in the last week and 34% drank at least one ED a day. The cheapest ED was the most widely consumed. Among pupils having consumed at least one ED in the last week, 79% reported consuming it for refreshment and 15% to get energy. For those who reported not consuming EDs, 40% reported that their parents or teachers forbade them to drink EDs. Some (14%) teenagers, mainly boys, mixed ED with alcohol. The concentrations of caffeine measured in twelve brands of EDs ranged from 7.6 to 29.4 mg/100 mL (median 23.3), giving caffeine contents of 37.5 to 160 mg (median 90 mg) per can or bottle. The estimated daily intake of caffeine through EDs was between 51.3 mg and 441.3 mg among those consuming EDs regularly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/b&gt;Our study convincingly demonstrates that caffeine-containing EDs are not only consumed by youngsters living in affluent societies. We documented widespread regular consumption of EDs among (pre-)adolescent schoolchildren living in Lubumbashi, a large city of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In view of the global market expansion of caffeinated EDs, it is reasonable to suspect that similar surveys in other urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa would yield similar findings. Pricing and advertising regulations and education on EDs are necessary to limit the regular consumption of EDs among adolescents.&lt;/p&gt;
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