<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R. Vanhoof</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carpentier,M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagnart,O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garrino,M.G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Y. Glupczynski</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gordts,B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Govaerts,D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magerman,K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mans,Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nyssen,H.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surmont,I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schwam,V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van de Vyvere,M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Landuyt,H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Nimmen,L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Noyen,R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In vitro study on the antimicrobial activity of various antibiotics against clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Belgium collected during winter 1998-199936695</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Clin.Belg.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">a</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADOLESCENT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amoxicillin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ampicillin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Bacterial Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibiotic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antibiotics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">article</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belgium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">beta-Lactams</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cefotaxime</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child,Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHILDREN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciprofloxacin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarithromycin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clindamycin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drug effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erythromycin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">im</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Increase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">journal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Less</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEVEL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microbial Sensitivity Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">middle aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ON</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pharmacology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pneumococcal Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Print</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">recommendation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recommendations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SB - IM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Streptococcus pneumoniae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surveillance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technique</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tetracycline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winter</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0/11/2000</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">322</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">312 - 322</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A total of 205 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained from 10 different centres were included in this study. The susceptibilities to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gemifloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, miocamycin, clindamycin and tetracycline were determined by a microdilution technique following NCCLS recommendations. Decreased susceptibility to penicillin was 16.1% [6.8% intermediate (0.12-1 microgram/mL) and 9.3% high-level (&gt; or = 2 micrograms/mL)], cefotaxime insusceptibility (&gt; or = 1 microgram/mL) 12.7%, ciprofloxacine insusceptibility (&gt; or = 2 micrograms/mL) 15.6% with 1.5% of high level resistance (&gt; or = 4 micrograms/mL), erythromycin insusceptibility (&gt; or = 0.5 microgram/mL) 36.1% and tetracycline insusceptibility (&gt; or = 4 micrograms/mL) 22.9%. Decreased susceptibility to cefotaxime was found in 78.8% of the penicillin-insusceptible isolates. No decreased susceptibility was found for gemifloxacin (&gt; or = 0.5 microgram/mL) and trovafloxacin (&gt; or = 1 microgram/mL). Compared to the 1996-1997 surveillance, penicillin, cefotaxime and erythromycin insusceptibility rose by 3.8%, 5.2% and 5.0% respectively, while tetracycline insusceptibility decreased with 8.2%. MICs of all beta-lactams rose with those of penicillin for penicillin-insusceptible isolates. Amoxicillin +/- clavulanate, cefotaxime and imipenem were generally 1, 1 and 5 doubling dilutions respectively more potent than penicillin on these isolates. Penicillin, ampicillin and cefuroxime were equally active while cefaclor was generally 5 dilutions less potent. Most penicillin-insusceptible isolates remained fully susceptible to amoxicillin +/- clavulanate and imipenem. The penicillin-insusceptible isolates were 36.4%, 27.3% and 3.0% co-insusceptible to erythromycin, erythromycin plus tetracycline and tetracycline respectively. A subpopulation of 52 isolates obtained from children aged &lt; or = 3 years was also studied. Compared to the other isolates we found a statistically significant increase in insusceptibility for penicillin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, erythromycin, clarithromycin and tetracycline while a significant decrease was found for ciprofloxacin</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38448</style></custom1><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">312</style></section></record></records></xml>