<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R. Vanhoof</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carpentier,M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cartuyvels,R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Damee,S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagnart,O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garrino,M.G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Y. Glupczynski</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gordts,B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Govaerts,D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magerman,K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mans,I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surmont,I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Bossuyt,E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van de Vyvere,M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Landuyt,H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Nimmen,L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Noyen,R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae collected in Belgium during winter 2000-200136723</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Clin.Belg.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">a</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADOLESCENT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amoxicillin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ampicillin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">an</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Bacterial Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibiotic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibiotic resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antibiotics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">article</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belgium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">beta-Lactams</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cefotaxime</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child,Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciprofloxacin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarithromycin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clindamycin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Common</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drug effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug Resistance,Microbial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug Resistance,Multiple</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drug therapy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erythromycin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">im</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">incidence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">journal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laboratories</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Less</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microbial Sensitivity Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">middle aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ON</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pharmacology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenotype</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pneumococcal Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Surveillance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Print</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">recommendation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recommendations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Support</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SB - IM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Streptococcus pneumoniae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surveillance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technique</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tetracycline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Type</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winter</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0/3/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111 - 119</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A total of 314 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae collected by 10 different laboratories were tested for their susceptibility by using a microdilution technique following NCCLS recommendations. The following antibiotics were included: penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, miocamycin, clindamycin and tetracycline. The insusceptibility rate (IR) to penicillin was 21.0% [10.8% intermediate (&gt; or = 0.12-1 microgram/mL) and 10.2% high-level (&gt; or = 2 micrograms/mL)], to cefotaxime 7.3% [3.5% intermediate (&gt; or = 1 microgram/mL) and 3.8% high-level (&gt; or = 2 micrograms/mL)], to imipenem 3.8% [3.8% intermediate (&gt; or = 0.25-0.5 microgram/mL) and 0% high-level (&gt; or = 1 microgram/mL)], to ciprofloxacin 11.2% [8.3% intermediate (2 micrograms/mL) and 3.9% high-level (&gt; or = 4 micrograms/mL)], to erythromycin 30.3% [3.5% intermediate (0.5 microgram/mL) and 26.8% high-level (&gt; or = 1 microgram/mL)] and to tetracycline 38.5% [0.9% intermediate (4 micrograms/mL) and 37.6% high-level (&gt; or = 8 micrograms/mL)]. No decreased susceptibility was found for gemifloxacin (&gt; or = 0.5 microgram/mL). This compound was the most active with MIC50, MIC90 and an IR of 0.015 microgram/mL, 0.03 microgram/mL and 0% respectively, followed by amoxicillin/clavulanate, amoxicillin and imipenem (MIC50, MIC90 and IR: 0.015 microgram/mL, 1 microgram/mL, 1.6%/0.015 microgram/mL, 1 microgram/mL, 1.9%/0.008 microgram/mL, 0.12 microgram/mL, 3.8% respectively). Compared to the 1999 surveillance, penicillin and tetracycline-insusceptibility increased with 4.9% and 15.6% respectively, while cefotaxime, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin insusceptibility decreased with 5.4%, 5.8% and 4.4% respectively. MICs of all beta-lactams rose with those of penicillin for penicillin-insusceptible isolates. Imipenem, cefotaxime, amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate were generally 4, 2, 1 and 1 doubling dilutions respectively more potent than penicillin on these isolates while ampicillin, cefuroxime and cefactor were generally 1, 2 and 4 dilutions respectively [table: see text] less potent. Most penicillin-insusceptible isolates remained fully susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate (92.4%), amoxicillin (90.9%) and imipenem (81.8%). Erythromycin-tetracycline insusceptibility was the most common resistance phenotype (14.3%). Three- and four-fold resistance was found in 12.4% and 1.6% respectively of the isolates. Most penicillin-insusceptible isolates were of capsular types 14 (22.7%), 23 (21.2%), 6 (18.2%), 9 (13.6%) and 19 (12.1%)</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36723</style></custom1><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111</style></section></record></records></xml>