<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R. Vanhoof</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carpentier,M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cartuyvels,R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Damee,S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagnart,O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frans,J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gordts,B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Y. Glupczynski</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goffinet,P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Govaerts,D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P. Lefevre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lontie,M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magerman,K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mans,I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meunierz,F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moonens,F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surmont,I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Bossuyt,E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van de Vyvere,M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Eldere,J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Landuyt,H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Nimmen,L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Noyen,R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Verhaegen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in non invasive clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae collected in Belgium during winters 2003 and 200436771</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Clin.Belg.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">a</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">admission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">age</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amoxicillin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ampicillin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">an</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Bacterial Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibiotic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibiotic resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">article</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belgium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">beta-Lactams</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cefotaxime</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceftazidime</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chi-Square Distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciprofloxacin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clindamycin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Common</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative Study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Data collection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diagnosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">differences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drug effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug Resistance,Multiple,Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drug therapy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erythromycin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Follow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gender</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geographic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">im</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">journal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laboratories</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">long term care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long-term</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">long-term care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">long-term care facilities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microbial Sensitivity Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ON</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ORIGIN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">patients</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pharmacology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenotype</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pneumococcal Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">present</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Print</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">r</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RATES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">recommendation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recommendations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sample</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sampling Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SB - IM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sensitivity and Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Streptococcus pneumoniae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surveillance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">survey</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">surveys</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technique</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tetracycline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Type</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winter</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0/3/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49 - 57</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A total of 391 and 424 non-invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae collected by 15 laboratories during the 2003 and 2004 survey were tested for their susceptibility by a microdilution technique following NCCLS recommendations. Insusceptibility rates (IR) in the two surveys (2003/2004) were as follows: penicillin 15.0/14.7% [8.4/6.4% Resistance (R)], ampicillin 17.4/14.6% (R 9.0/7.1%), amoxicillin +/- clavulanic acid 2.6/1.2 % (R 0/0%), cefaclor 14.3/14.1% (R 11.5/13.4%), cefuroxime 13.6/12.7% (R 10.5/11.8%), cefuroxime-axetil 10.5/11.8% (R 10.0/9.2%) (breakpoints based on 250 mg), cefotaxime 4.9/6.2% (R 1.3/2.4%), ceftazidime NotTested (NT)/6.4 (R NT/2.6%), cefepime NT/6.4 (R NT/2.6%), imipenem 7.7/8.9 % (R 1.8/1.4%), ertapenem 0.8/NT% (R O/NT%), ciprofloxacin 13.8/9.0% (R 4.3/2.4%), levofloxacin 3.3/2.8% (R 1.5/0.2%), moxifloxacin 0.6/0.2% (R 0.3/0%), ofloxacin 13.5/9.0% (R 4.3/2.4%), erythromycin 26.1/24.7% (R 25.3/24.5%), azithromycin 25.4/24.7% (R 24.6/24.5%), telithromycin 0.8/0.2% (R 0.5/0%), clindamycin 21.2/18.4% (R 19.2/17.7%) and tetracycline 32.3/22.1% (R 29.2/19.3%). There were only minor differences in resistance rates according to age, sample site, admission type (i.e. ambulatory, hospitalized or long-term care facility patients), gender and geographic origin. Overall, telithromycin (MIC50, MIC90 in 2003/2004: 0.015 microg/ml, 0.12 microg/ml/ 0.008,0.06 respectively), ertapenem (0.03; 0.25/NT), moxifloxacin (0.06; 0.25/0.06, 0.12), and amoxicillin +/- clavulanic acid (0.03; 0.25/0.015, 0.5) were the most active compounds in both surveys. In 2003, the most common resistance phenotype was isolated insusceptibility to tetracycline (10.5%) followed by combined insusceptibility to erythromycin and tetracycline (9.3%). Erythromycin-tetracycline resistance (10.4%) was the most common in 2004. Isolates showing resistance to an antibiotic were significantly more present in 2003 than in 2004 (50.4% versus 40.8%). In penicillin-insusceptible isolates, MICs of all beta-lactams were increased but cross-resistance between penicillin and other beta-lactams in the penicillin-insusceptible isolates was not complete. In the 2003 survey, most of these isolates remained fully susceptible to ertapenem (94.9%) and amoxicillin +/- clavulanic acid (83.1%). In the 2004 survey, 91.9% of the penicillin insusceptible isolates remained susceptible to amoxicillin +/- clavulanic acid. In both surveys, the most common serotypes in penicillin insusceptible isolates were 14, 23,19 and 9 (20.0%, 20.0%, 16.4% and 10.9% respectively in 2003; 41.6%, 11.7%, 15.0% and 18.3% respectively in 2004)</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36771</style></custom1><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></section></record></records></xml>