<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chua, Xin Hui</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clare Whitton</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefanie Vandevijvere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kelly, Bridget</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rob M van Dam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salome A Rebello</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterizing the extent and nature of digital food and beverage marketing in Singapore - a descriptive study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Nutr</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital marketing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">food advertising</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food environments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">marketing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024 Dec 12</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVE: &lt;/b&gt;To characterize the nature of digital food and beverage advertising in Singapore.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SETTING: &lt;/b&gt;Food and beverage advertisements within 20 clicks on top 12 non-food websites and all posts on Facebook and Instagram pages of 15 major food companies in Singapore were sampled from January 1 to June 30, 2018.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;DESIGN: &lt;/b&gt;Advertised foods were classified as being core (healthier), non-core or mixed-dishes (example burger) using the WHO nutrient profile model and national guidelines. Marketing techniques were assessed using published coding frameworks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Advertisements (n=117) on the 12 non-food websites were largely presented as editorial content. Food companies posted twice weekly on average on social media sites (n=1261), with eatery-chains posting most frequently and generating largest amount of likes and shares. Key marketing techniques emphasized non-health attributes for example hedonic or convenience attributes (85% of advertisements). Only a minority of foods and beverages advertised were core foods (non-food website:16.2%; social media: 13.5%).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Top food and beverage companies in Singapore actively use social media as a platform for promotion with a complex array of marketing techniques. A vast majority of these posts were unhealthy highlighting an urgent need to consider regulating digital food and beverage advertising in Singapore.&lt;/p&gt;
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