<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanne Terryn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aurélie Francart</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rommelaere, Heidi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stortelers, Catelijne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steven Van Gucht</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-exposure Treatment with Anti-rabies VHH and Vaccine Significantly Improves Protection of Mice from Lethal Rabies Infection.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS Negl Trop Dis</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS Negl Trop Dis</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibodies, Neutralizing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibodies, Viral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cell Line</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Models, Animal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Half-Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neutralization Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-Exposure Prophylaxis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rabies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rabies Vaccines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rabies virus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Single-Domain Antibodies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaccination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viral Load</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016 Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e0004902</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) against rabies infection consists of a combination of passive immunisation with plasma-derived human or equine immune globulins and active immunisation with vaccine delivered shortly after exposure. Since anti-rabies immune globulins are expensive and scarce, there is a need for cheaper alternatives that can be produced more consistently. Previously, we generated potent virus-neutralising VHH, also called Nanobodies, against the rabies glycoprotein that are effectively preventing lethal disease in an in vivo mouse model. The VHH domain is the smallest antigen-binding functional fragment of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies that can be manufactured in microbial expression systems. In the current study we evaluated the efficacy of half-life extended anti-rabies VHH in combination with vaccine for PEP in an intranasal rabies infection model in mice. The PEP combination therapy of systemic anti-rabies VHH and intramuscular vaccine significantly delayed the onset of disease compared to treatment with anti-rabies VHH alone, prolonged median survival time (35 versus 14 days) and decreased mortality (60% versus 19% survival rate), when treated 24 hours after rabies virus challenge. Vaccine alone was unable to rescue mice from lethal disease. As reported also for immune globulins, some interference of anti-rabies VHH with the antigenicity of the vaccine was observed, but this did not impede the synergistic effect. Post exposure treatment with vaccine and human anti-rabies immune globulins was unable to protect mice from lethal challenge. Anti-rabies VHH and vaccine act synergistically to protect mice after rabies virus exposure, which further validates the possible use of anti-rabies VHH for rabies PEP.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27483431?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e0004902</style></section></record></records></xml>