<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alicia C Bertolotti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eva Forsgren</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marc O Schäfer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EuroPLarva Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fabrice Sircoulomb</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicolas Gaïani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magali Ribière-Chabert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laurianne Paris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lucas, Pierrick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Claire de Boisséson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joakim Skarin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marie-Pierre Rivière</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Severine Matthijs</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Development and evaluation of a core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme for Paenibacillus larvae, the deadly American foulbrood pathogen of honeybees.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ Microbiol</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Outbreaks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multilocus Sequence Typing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paenibacillus larvae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">whole genome sequencing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021 09</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of the fatal American foulbrood disease in honeybees (Apis mellifera). Strain identification is vital for preventing the spread of the disease. To date, the most accessible and robust scheme to identify strains is the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method. However, this approach has limited resolution, especially for epidemiological studies. As the cost of whole-genome sequencing has decreased and as it becomes increasingly available to most laboratories, an extended MLST based on the core genome (cgMLST) presents a valuable tool for high-resolution investigations. In this study, we present a standardized, robust cgMLST scheme for P. larvae typing using whole-genome sequencing. A total of 333 genomes were used to identify, validate and evaluate 2419 core genes. The cgMLST allowed fine-scale differentiation between samples that had the same profile using traditional MLST and allowed for the characterization of strains impossible by MLST. The scheme was successfully used to trace a localized Swedish outbreak, where a cluster of 38 isolates was linked to a country-wide beekeeping operation. cgMLST greatly enhances the power of a traditional typing scheme, while preserving the same stability and standardization for sharing results and methods across different laboratories.&lt;/p&gt;
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