<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regina Prigge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John A McKnight</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah H Wild</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haynes, Aveni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Timothy W Jones</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elizabeth A Davis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birgit Rami-Merhar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Fritsch</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christine Prchla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Astrid Lavens</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kris Doggen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suchsia Chao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronnie Aronson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruth Brown</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Else H Ibfelt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jannet Svensson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert Young</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Justin T Warner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holy Robinson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tiina Laatikainen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Päivi Rautiainen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brigitte Delemer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pierre François Souchon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alpha M Diallo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reinhard W Holl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sebastian M Schmid</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raile, Klemens</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stelios Tigas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexandra Bargiota</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ioanna Zografou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrea O Y Luk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juliana C N Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sean F Dinneen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clair M Buckley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oratile Kgosidialwa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentino Cherubini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosaria Gesuita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ieva Strele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santa Pildava</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henk Veeze</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henk-Jan Aanstoot</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dick Mul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig Jefferies</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John G Cooper</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karianne Fjeld Løvaas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tadej Battelino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dovc, Klemen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nataša Bratina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katarina Eeg-Olofsson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann-Marie Svensson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soffia Gudbjornsdottir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evgenia Globa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nataliya Zelinska</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International comparison of glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes: an update and extension.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diabet Med</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blood Glucose</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross-sectional studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glycated Hemoglobin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glycemic Control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;AIMS: &lt;/b&gt;To update and extend a previous cross-sectional international comparison of glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Data were obtained for 520,392 children and adults with type 1 diabetes from 17 population and five clinic-based data sources in countries or regions between 2016 and 2020. Median HbA (IQR) and proportions of individuals with HbA &amp;lt; 58&amp;nbsp;mmol/mol (&amp;lt;7.5%), 58-74&amp;nbsp;mmol/mol (7.5-8.9%) and ≥75&amp;nbsp;mmol/mol (≥9.0%) were compared between populations for individuals aged &amp;lt;15, 15-24 and ≥25 years. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of HbA &amp;lt; 58&amp;nbsp;mmol/mol (&amp;lt;7.5%) relative to ≥58&amp;nbsp;mmol/mol (≥7.5%), stratified and adjusted for sex, age and data source. Where possible, changes in the proportion of individuals in each HbA category compared to previous estimates were calculated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Median HbA varied from 55 to 79&amp;nbsp;mmol/mol (7.2 to 9.4%) across data sources and age groups so a pooled estimate was deemed inappropriate. OR (95% CI) for HbA &amp;lt; 58&amp;nbsp;mmol/mol (&amp;lt;7.5%) were 0.91 (0.90-0.92) for women compared to men, 1.68 (1.65-1.71) for people aged &amp;lt;15&amp;nbsp;years and 0.81 (0.79-0.82) aged15-24&amp;nbsp;years compared to those aged ≥25&amp;nbsp;years. Differences between populations persisted after adjusting for sex, age and data source. In general, compared to our previous analysis, the proportion of people with an HbA &amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;&amp;nbsp;58&amp;nbsp;mmol/l (&amp;lt;7.5%) increased and proportions of people with HbA ≥ 75&amp;nbsp;mmol/mol (≥9.0%) decreased.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Glycaemic control of type 1 diabetes continues to vary substantially between age groups and data sources. While some improvement over time has been observed, glycaemic control remains sub-optimal for most people with Type 1 diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;
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