<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chryso Th Pallari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Souzana Achilleos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annalisa Quattrocchi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John Gabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elena Critselis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Athanasiadou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammad Reza Rahmanian Haghighi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefania Papatheodorou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianyu Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andreas Artemiou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jose M Rodriguez-Llanes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catherine M Bennett</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Claudia Zimmermann</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eva Schernhammer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natalia Bustos Sierra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reindert Ekelson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lobato, Jackeline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laylla Macedo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mortensen, Laust Hvas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Julia Critchley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lucy Goldsmith</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Denissov, Gleb</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Le Meur, Nolwenn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kandelaki, Levan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kostas Athanasakis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Binyamin Binyaminy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamar Maor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fabrizio Stracci</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giuseppe Ambrosio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kairat Davletov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nataliya Glushkova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martial, Cyndy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marie Chan Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terje P Hagen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mario Chong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manuel Barron</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Łyszczarz, Błażej</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivan Erzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Arcos Gonzalez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bo Burström</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nataliia Pidmurniak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olesia Verstiuk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, Qian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antonis Polemitis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andreas Charalambous</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christiana A Demetriou</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magnitude and determinants of excess total, age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality in 24 countries worldwide during 2020 and 2021: results on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from the C-MOR project.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMJ Glob Health</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19; Control strategies; Epidemiology; Public Health; Vaccines</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024 Apr 18</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;INTRODUCTION: &lt;/b&gt;To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, we estimated excess all-cause mortality in 24 countries for 2020 and 2021, overall and stratified by sex and age.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Total, age-specific and sex-specific weekly all-cause mortality was collected for 2015-2021 and excess mortality for 2020 and 2021 was calculated by comparing weekly 2020 and 2021 age-standardised mortality rates against expected mortality, estimated based on historical data (2015-2019), accounting for seasonality, and long-term and short-term trends. Age-specific weekly excess mortality was similarly calculated using crude mortality rates. The association of country and pandemic-related variables with excess mortality was investigated using simple and multilevel regression models.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Excess cumulative mortality for both 2020 and 2021 was found in Austria, Brazil, Belgium, Cyprus, England and Wales, Estonia, France, Georgia, Greece, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mauritius, Northern Ireland, Norway, Peru, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, and the USA. Australia and Denmark experienced excess mortality only in 2021. Mauritius demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in all-cause mortality during both years. Weekly incidence of COVID-19 was significantly positively associated with excess mortality for both years, but the positive association was attenuated in 2021 as percentage of the population fully vaccinated increased. Stringency index of control measures was positively and negatively associated with excess mortality in 2020 and 2021, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/b&gt;This study provides evidence of substantial excess mortality in most countries investigated during the first 2 years of the pandemic and suggests that COVID-19 incidence, stringency of control measures and vaccination rates interacted in determining the magnitude of excess mortality.&lt;/p&gt;
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