<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bram Jacobs *</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bert Bogaerts *</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verhaegen, Marie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kevin Vanneste *</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sigrid C.J. De Keersmaecker *</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nancy Roosens *</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rajkovic, Andreja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahillon, Jacques</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tom Van Nieuwenhuysen *</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koenraad Van Hoorde *</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whole-genome sequencing of soil- and foodborne Bacillus cereus sensu lato indicates no clear association between their virulence repertoire, genomic diversity and food matrix</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Food Microbiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacillus cereus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cgMLST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MLST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SNP analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">toxines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WGS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug-02-2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">439</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bacillus&amp;nbsp;cereus&amp;nbsp;sensu lato is frequently involved in foodborne toxico-infections and is found in various foodstuff. It is unclear whether certain strains have a higher affinity for specific food matrices, which can be of interest for risk assessment. This study reports the characterization by whole-genome sequencing of 169&amp;nbsp;B. cereus&amp;nbsp;isolates, isolated from 12 food types and soil over two decades. Any potential links between the food matrix of isolation, the isolate's genetic&amp;nbsp;lineage&amp;nbsp;and/or their (putative) virulence gene reservoir were investigated. More than 20&amp;nbsp;% of the strains contained the genes for the main potential&amp;nbsp;enterotoxins&amp;nbsp;(nheABC,&amp;nbsp;hblCDA&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;cytK_2).&amp;nbsp;Cereulide&amp;nbsp;biosynthesis genes and genes encoding&amp;nbsp;hemolysins&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;phospholipases, were detected in multiple isolates. Strain typing revealed a high diversity, as illustrated by 84 distinct sequence types, including 26 not previously described. This diversity was also reflected in the detection of all seven&amp;nbsp;panC&amp;nbsp;types and 71 unique virulence gene profiles. Core-genome&amp;nbsp;MLST&amp;nbsp;was used for phylogenomic investigation of the entire collection and SNP-based clustering was performed on the four most abundant sequence types, which did not reveal a clear affinity for specific&amp;nbsp;B. cereus&amp;nbsp;lineages or (putative) virulence genes for certain food matrices. Additionally, minimal genetic overlap was observed between soil and foodborne isolates. Clusters of closely-related isolates with common epidemiological metadata were detected. However, some isolates from different food matrices or collected several years apart were found to be genetically identical. This study provides elements that can be used for risk assessment of&amp;nbsp;B. cereus&amp;nbsp;in food.&lt;/p&gt;
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