This report summarizes the findings of the Expert consultation on public health needs related to surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater that was organized by the WHO European Centre for Environment and Health on 30 November 2020 in a virtual format. It aimed to support Member State authorities by facilitating exchange on the use, usefulness and limitations of SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in wastewater from a public health perspective, based on practices and experiences emerging in countries. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater can provide important complementary and independent information in public health decision-making in the context of the pandemic. The health sector is the end-user of the information and therefore needs to take the lead in designing surveillance programmes, merging and linking the data with other surveillance platforms, and coordinating interpretation and communication of the findings.