Has Epizootic Become Enzootic? Evidence for a Fundamental Change in the Infection Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Europe, 2021.
Animal health
Download 1.03 MBAuthors
Anne Pohlmann [3]; Jacqueline King [4]; Fusaro, Alice [5]; Bianca Zecchin [6]; Ashley C Banyard [7]; Brown, Ian H [8]; Alexander M P Byrne [9]; Nancy Beerens [10]; Liang, Yuan [11]; Rene Heutink [12]; Frank Harders [13]; Joe James [14]; Scott M Reid [15]; Rowena D E Hansen [16]; Nicola S Lewis [17]; Charlotte Hjulsager [18]; Lars E Larsen [19]; Siamak Zohari [20]; Kristofer Anderson [21]; Caroline Bröjer [22]; Alexander Nagy [23]; Vladimir Savič [24]; Steven Van Borm [25]; Mieke Steensels [26]; Briand, François-Xavier [27]; Edyta Swieton [28]; Smietanka, Krzysztof [29]; Christian Grund [30]; Beer, Martin [31]; Timm Harder [32]Keywords
Abstract:
Phylogenetic evidence from the recent resurgence of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b, observed in European wild birds and poultry since October 2021, suggests at least two different and distinct reservoirs. We propose contrasting hypotheses for this emergence: (i) resident viruses have been maintained, presumably in wild birds, in northern Europe throughout the summer of 2021 to cause some of the outbreaks that are part of the most recent autumn/winter 2021 epizootic, or (ii) further virus variants were reintroduced by migratory birds, and these t…